Network Design

• Physical Layer
  This includes all the hardware and equipment that are physically part of the network, such as computers, cables, routers, printers, laptops, among other devices. It also encompasses wireless and electrical signals. This layer ensures that devices are correctly connected and that there isn't excessive distance between them.
• Data Link Layer or Logical Link Layer
  This layer aims to ensure reliable transfer within the data transmission circuit. It's an intermediate layer that receives requests from the network layer and utilizes the services offered by the physical layer.
• Network Layer
  Responsible for determining logical addressing and the direct route for each communication. It enables connection between devices located on different networks. Thanks to the network layer, communication with other devices is possible even when there is no direct connection, allowing for worldwide communications.
• Transport Layer
  Determines how information is broken down and delivered over the network. It separates data into packets and reassembles them according to the direction they travel before sending them to the network layer.
• Session Layer
  Provides mechanisms to control communication between applications on end systems.
• Presentation Layer
  Responsible for representing information as characters, numbers, sound, or images that arrive in a recognizable manner to the user.
• Application Layer
  Handles the management of application information and offers users various predefined and standardized communication protocols. Understanding networks means comprehending the functioning of each layer and designing a network that is functional and meets users' needs upon implementation. An adequate network design and effective topology can make a significant difference in the performance of an entire network. To achieve this, it's essential to work with trained professionals knowledgeable in network design—engineers in information technology.